Kit 3 · Student Packet

Prerequisite mini-lesson · Read before comparing

Question: What do the headings and numbers tell us before we explain a result? A temperature is a reading in degrees Celsius (°C). A temperature change compares two readings from the same setup. A higher final value than the start means warming; a lower one means cooling.

For a fair design comparison, check that starts, water mass, elapsed time, room conditions, and measurement method match. Compare the same points in time. Repeated trials give more than one chance to see a pattern; do not choose only a convenient row.

Data P · Three separate water samples in one 22°C room. Each has 100 g of water and the same cup, lid, and measurement method. The labels W, X, and Y name samples, not sleeve designs.

Support: Trace start → finish with a finger or number line. You may explain aloud or use a labeled arrow instead of a paragraph.

Teacher model · Which sleeve slowed warming?

Question: Which complete sleeve design better limited warming of cool water in this 20-minute comparison?

Data M · One illustrative trial. Equal 100 g water samples begin at 10°C in a 22°C room. Matching cups and lids, exposure time, and thermometer procedure are stated. No ice, active cooling, or direct sunlight is involved. The sleeve designs differ.

Guided practice · Check every trial

Question: In these repeated comparisons, which sleeve is better supported for limiting warming?

Data G · Three separate trials with fresh 100 g water samples, each starting at 10°C in a 22°C room. Cups, lids, 20-minute exposure, and thermometer procedure match. Each row compares setups tested under the same stated conditions.

Independent task · Choose from new results

Work on this record without returning to the model's design choice. You may show your thinking in prose, a labeled diagram, or an oral explanation that points to data.

Data I · Three separate trials use fresh 100 g samples starting at 11°C in a 23°C room. Cups, lids, exposure, 20-minute duration, and thermometer procedure match within and across trials. The table shows final readings, not a time series.

Reteach · Compare the measurements

Read one setup from start to finish before comparing designs. Write ‘start → final’; then decide whether the value rose or fell.

Data R · Two separate trials. Fresh 100 g water samples start at 12°C in a 24°C room. Cups, lids, 15-minute exposure, and measurement procedure match. Each row compares sleeves X and Y.

Fresh check · The goal now is to limit cooling. Fresh 100 g water samples begin at 34°C in a 22°C room. Two 20-minute trials use matching cups, lids, and measurement methods.

Reteach · Use all results and limit the claim

Question: Do these results support a clear winner, or a narrower statement? Read all rows before choosing evidence.

Data F · Four separate matched trials. Fresh 100 g water samples start at 10.0°C in a 22°C room. Cups, lids, 20-minute exposure, and thermometer procedure match. Readings are displayed to 0.1°C; instrument accuracy is not supplied.

Fictional response 1 — selected only favorable evidence: ‘J wins because Trial 1 ends at 14.0°C for J and 14.5°C for K.’

Fictional response 2 — overstates the record: ‘K is proven best for every room and every future trial because it is lower in Trials 2–4.’

New short check · Apply the correction

Data F-check uses fresh 100 g samples starting at 11°C in a 23°C room. Cups, lids, 20-minute exposure, and thermometer method match within and across three separate trials.

Later check · Reverse the direction

Question: Which sleeve better limits cooling when water begins warmer than the room? This is a paper-data task, not a hot-water activity.

Data T · Three separate matched trials use fresh 100 g samples starting at 40°C in a 22°C room. Matching cups, lids, 20-minute exposure, and thermometer procedure are stated.