Bridge · Compare a claim with its support
Target: use new evidence to retain, narrow or change a particular claim—or remain uncertain. Prerequisites: read starts/°C/time/change, compare matched trials and identify conditions. Newest does not automatically mean most informative.
K5-D-P ·Two fresh 100 g samples;22°C surroundings;10 min;same covered setup/procedure. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Start (°C) | After 10 min (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| P-1 | 12 | 16 |
| P-2 | 12 | 17 |
K5-P1. Find both changes. Which claim is supported: (a) these samples warmed in this 10-minute record, or (b) every sample always warms? Explain.
K5-P2. What conditions belong in a bounded claim? What would you compare before using a new result to revise it?
Retain = evidence remains consistent; narrow = limit scope; change = alter a conclusion; uncertain = withhold a confident conclusion. Decisions may combine, such as narrow and uncertain.
Model · Initial evidence
Work on this page first. Record a bounded claim before turning to the new-evidence page. Question: What does this record support about R’s 20-minute performance? A nominal classroom criterion is final water at or below 15°C in each supplied trial; it is not storage advice or a guarantee.
K5-D-M0 ·Fresh 100 g samples start 10°C in 22°C surroundings. Same sleeve versions, cups/lids,20 min, exposure and procedure within/across trials. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve R final (°C) | Sleeve S final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| M-1 | 14.0 | 16.0 |
| M-2 | 14.5 | 16.5 |
| M-3 | 14.0 | 16.0 |
K5-M1. Write a bounded claim about R and support it with readings. What limit matters?
Do not look ahead until you have recorded the claim. Keep this page for the revision.
Model · New evidence
Now compare this record with your original claim. Keep all raw readings.
K5-D-M1 ·R only: fresh 100 g,10°C start,20 min, same R version/cup/lid/exposure/procedure. All surroundings now 28°C. S was not tested. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve R start (°C) | Sleeve R final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| M-4 | 10 | 18.0 |
| M-5 | 10 | 18.5 |
| M-6 | 10 | 18.0 |
Fictional claim to evaluate: “R keeps water at or below 15°C in every room.”
K5-M2. What changed? Which earlier condition-specific statement can stay, and which broader claim needs revision? Can these new results rank R against S?
K5-M3. Use the next-page revision record. Explain why this is a scope change rather than proof that the first record was wrong.
Revision record · Model case
Use K5-D-M0/M1 and retain both pages. Record the actual claim being evaluated. Write, dictate while pointing to data, or use labeled notes. Each field is a prompt; decisions can combine.
K5-MR-1. Original claim
K5-MR-2. Original support
K5-MR-3. New evidence and conditions
K5-MR-4. Decision: retain / narrow / change / uncertain (more than one may apply)
K5-MR-5. Revised claim
K5-MR-6. Reasoning: why this decision fits all relevant records
K5-MR-7. Next useful evidence
Guided practice · Initial evidence
First record a bounded statement. Question: What pattern is supported about warming in these trials? Keep this page while revising.
K5-D-G0 ·Fresh 100 g;11°C start;23°C surroundings;18 min. Complete sleeves C/D; cups/lids/exposure/procedure match within/across trials. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve C final (°C) | Sleeve D final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| G-1 | 16 | 18 |
| G-2 | 17 | 19 |
| G-3 | 16 | 18 |
K5-G1. State a bounded claim and evidence across these three trials. Include uncertainty rather than a future guarantee.
Stop here before reading new evidence.
Guided practice · Additional evidence
K5-D-G1 ·Additional fresh 100 g;11°C start;23°C surroundings;18 min. Versions, cups/lids/exposure/procedure match G0. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve C final (°C) | Sleeve D final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| G-4 | 16 | 18 |
| G-5 | 16 | 18 |
| G-6 | 17 | 19 |
K5-G2. Compare all six trials. Does a new record require reversing your claim? Retain, narrow, change or remain uncertain; justify the decision.
K5-G3. Give a revised or retained claim and a useful next comparison. What can these values still not establish?
Independent task · Initial record
This initial/new pair is also Use a Quick Check. It repeats I from Teach the Lesson; it is not fresh after I has been attempted. Goal: evaluate evidence about limiting cooling. Write a bounded initial statement, then turn the page.
K5-D-I0 ·Fresh 120 g water each trial;40.0°C start;22°C surroundings;15 min;covers P/Q. Cups/lids/exposure/procedure match. Display to 0.1°C; accuracy not supplied. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Cover P final (°C) | Cover Q final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| I-1 | 35.0 | 34.8 |
| I-2 | 35.1 | 34.9 |
K5-I1. Compare changes and write an initial claim about these two trials. Explain how confident the record allows you to be.
Keep the original statement; do not erase it when new evidence arrives.
Independent task · New record
K5-D-I1 ·Four additional fresh 120 g trials;40.0°C start;22°C surroundings;15 min;versions/cups/lids/exposure/procedure match I0. Accuracy remains unknown. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Cover P final (°C) | Cover Q final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| I-3 | 34.7 | 35.0 |
| I-4 | 35.1 | 34.9 |
| I-5 | 34.9 | 35.0 |
| I-6 | 35.0 | 35.1 |
K5-I2. Using all six trials, decide whether to retain, narrow, change or remain uncertain. Give a revised claim and specific comparisons, including any contrary result.
K5-I3. What useful next evidence would address the uncertainty? Does overlap establish identical performance? Does the newest row alone decide?
Reteach · Initial claim and support
Before looking at new evidence, state what this record supports about limiting warming. Keep your statement visible.
K5-D-A0 ·Fresh 90 g;9°C start;21°C surroundings;16 min;matched complete sleeves J/K, cups/lids/exposure/procedure. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve J final (°C) | Sleeve K final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| A-1 | 14 | 17 |
| A-2 | 15 | 18 |
K5-A1. Write a bounded claim and the support for it. State a limit.
Stop before turning to the next record.
Reteach · Keep the evidence, change the claim
K5-D-A1 ·Six additional fresh 90 g trials;9°C start;21°C surroundings;16 min;same versions/cups/lids/exposure/procedure as A0. No exclusions recorded. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve J final (°C) | Sleeve K final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| A-3 | 18 | 13 |
| A-4 | 19 | 14 |
| A-5 | 18 | 13 |
| A-6 | 19 | 14 |
| A-7 | 18 | 13 |
| A-8 | 19 | 14 |
Fictional response 1: “Use only A-1/A-2; J is always better.” Fictional response 2: “A-8 is newest, so K must win.”
K5-A2. Evaluate both responses. Keep all eight results and revise your earlier claim. Explain why weight and relevance, not just recency, matter.
Fresh recheck · Initial record
This is a new sequence; complete the initial claim before looking ahead.
K5-D-Ac 0 ·Fresh 100 g;12°C start;24°C surroundings;14 min;matched U/V sleeves/cups/lids/procedure. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve U final (°C) | Sleeve V final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| Ac-1 | 16 | 19 |
| Ac-2 | 16 | 19 |
K5-A3. State a bounded claim and its support; mention what is not established.
Fresh recheck · Additional record
K5-D-Ac 1 ·Additional fresh 100 g;12°C start;24°C surroundings;14 min;same versions/cups/lids/exposure/procedure as Ac 0. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve U final (°C) | Sleeve V final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| Ac-3 | 17 | 20 |
| Ac-4 | 16 | 19 |
| Ac-5 | 17 | 20 |
K5-A4. Retain, narrow, change or remain uncertain? Explain using initial and new records. Revise only what the evidence warrants; name a useful next step.
Reteach · Initial conditions and claim
Write a bounded warming comparison, then turn to the new conditions. Keep both records.
K5-D-B0 ·Fresh 100 g;10°C start;22°C surroundings;20 min;matched L/N versions/cups/lids/exposure/procedure. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve L final (°C) | Sleeve N final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| B-1 | 15 | 18 |
| B-2 | 16 | 19 |
| B-3 | 15 | 18 |
K5-B1. Write the supported comparison and list the conditions that matter for a new comparison.
Reteach · Compare conditions before revising
K5-D-B1 ·22°C surroundings. Cups/lids/position/procedure match. Mass, start and duration differ between L and N and from B0. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID / setup | Mass (g) | Start (°C) | Time (min) | Final (°C) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B-4 / L | 80 | 12 | 20 | 18 |
| B-4 / N | 160 | 10 | 10 | 13 |
| B-5 / L | 80 | 12 | 20 | 19 |
| B-5 / N | 160 | 10 | 10 | 14 |
Fictional response: “Pool every endpoint; N is now better, so cross out the first conclusion.”
K5-B2. Find the changes and identify relevant condition differences. What can be described? What cannot be attributed to sleeve design alone? Evaluate the fictional response.
K5-B3. Revise or retain the particular earlier claim. Specify a more informative next comparison with actual matching values.
Fresh recheck · Initial conditions
Complete this new initial statement before looking at the next page.
K5-D-Bc 0 ·Fresh 100 g;10°C start;22°C surroundings;20 min;matched E/F sleeves/cups/lids/exposure/procedure. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve E final (°C) | Sleeve F final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| Bc-1 | 15 | 17 |
| Bc-2 | 16 | 18 |
K5-B4. State a bounded E/F comparison and support it.
Fresh recheck · Changed surroundings
K5-D-Bc 1 ·Only E tested now;fresh 100 g;10°C start;28°C surroundings;20 min;all other E conditions match Bc 0. No new F data. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Sleeve E start (°C) | Sleeve E final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| Bc-3 | 10 | 18 |
| Bc-4 | 10 | 19 |
K5-B5. What conditions changed? What conclusion can stay, what scope needs limiting, and what ranking is not established? Propose useful next evidence.
Later check · Initial evidence
New cooling context. Record a bounded claim before the next page. Goal: limit cooling, not find the smallest final number.
K5-D-T0 ·Fresh 110 g;38°C start;20°C surroundings;12 min;matched covers A/B,cups/lids/exposure/procedure. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Cover A final (°C) | Cover B final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| T-1 | 32 | 28 |
| T-2 | 31 | 27 |
K5-T1. Compare the cooling and write an initial claim with support and a limit.
Later check · New evidence
K5-D-T1 ·Five additional fresh 110 g;38°C start;20°C surroundings;12 min;same versions/cups/lids/exposure/procedure as T0. No exclusions. Covered liquid water; no active heating/cooling, ice, phase change, direct sunlight or meaningful evaporative cooling. Room, cup, lid and supporting surfaces are at the stated surrounding temperature; it stays constant. Readings represent the sample temperature with a consistent procedure. This is a paper scenario, not apparatus instructions.
Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.
| Trial ID | Cover A final (°C) | Cover B final (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| T-3 | 27 | 33 |
| T-4 | 26 | 32 |
| T-5 | 27 | 33 |
| T-6 | 26 | 32 |
| T-7 | 27 | 33 |
K5-T2. Revise using all seven trials. Identify weight/relevance, any contrary result and uncertainty. Retain, narrow, change or remain uncertain; justify a useful conclusion.
K5-T3. Name useful further evidence. Explain why the temperature pattern is consistent with net energy transfer, without inventing a specific pathway.