Which Design Is Better Supported? · Sources and standards notes

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Sources checked September 29, 2026. No third-party lesson, image, standards passage or dataset is reproduced.

• NGSS MS-PS3-3: energy-transfer and temperature concepts; its device expectation requires design, construction and testing. This paper kit addresses selected concepts and analysis, not the complete expectation.
• NGSS MS-PS3-4: controls, variables, measurement plans and amount of data. This kit examines supplied comparisons rather than completing the full investigation-planning expectation.
• NGSS MS-ETS1-3: analysis of solution data to inform design improvement. Which Design Is Better Supported? compares designs but does not complete redesign or the full expectation.
• U.S. Department of Energy: Heat Flow: transfer from warmer to cooler regions and heat-transfer pathways. Thermometer data alone do not measure each pathway separately.

The cited organizations retain rights to their standards and guidance. Links and original paraphrases are used.Constructed teaching data: these values were invented for this activity, not collected in an experiment.

. Timing is an planning estimate.

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